Таджикистан как по английски

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Таджикистан — Республика Таджикистан, гос во в Средней Азии. Название Таджикистан страна таджиков образовано этнонимом таджики и топонимическим формантом стан, с помощью которого образуются названия стран и местностей проживания народа, указанного в первой… … Географическая энциклопедия

Таджикистан — Таджикистан. Гиссарская историко архитектурная крепость музей. ТАДЖИКИСТАН (Республика Таджикистан), государство на юго востоке Средней Азии. Площадь 143,1 тыс. км2. Население 5705 тыс. человек, городское 30,9%; таджики (62,3%), узбеки (23,5%),… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь

ТАДЖИКИСТАН — (Республика Таджикистан), государство на юго востоке Средней Азии. Площадь 143,1 тыс. км2. Население 5705 тыс. человек, городское 30,9%; таджики (62,3%), узбеки (23,5%), русские (7,6%) и др. Официальный язык таджикский. Большинство верующих… … Современная энциклопедия

ТАДЖИКИСТАН — (Республика Таджикистан) государство на юго востоке Ср. Азии. 143,1 тыс. км&sup2. Население 5705 тыс. человек (1993), городское 30,9%; таджики (3172 тыс. человек, 1989, перепись), узбеки, русские и др. Официальный язык таджикский. Большинство… … Большой Энциклопедический словарь

таджикистан — сущ., кол во синонимов: 1 • страна (281) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов

Таджикистан — (Tajikistan), горная страна, граничащая с Афганистаном. Таджики, народ иран. происх., были завоеваны тюркскими племенами. К 1868 г. весь регион захватила Россия, установившая здесь свой протекторат. После Октябрьской революции Т. вошел в состав… … Всемирная история

ТАДЖИКИСТАН — Государство в юго восточной части Средней Азии. Территория 143,1 тыс.кв.км, население 5358 тыс.человек (1990). Это горная страна. Климат континентальный. Основу промышленности составляют производство электроэнергии, добыча нефти, газа, угля, цве … Мировое овцеводство

Таджикистан — Республика Таджикистан Ҷумҳурии Тоҷиқистон … Википедия

Таджикистан — Республика Таджикистан Государственное устройство Правовая система Общая характеристика Гражданское и смежные с ним отрасли права Уголовное право и процесс Судебная система. Органы контроля Литература Государство на юго востоке Средней Азии.… … Правовые системы стран мира. Энциклопедический справочник

ТАДЖИКИСТАН — Республика Таджикистан, государство в Центральной Азии. Граничит с Узбекистаном на западе и северо западе, Киргизией на севере, Китаем на востоке и Афганистаном на юге. С 1929 по 1991 Таджикистан входил в состав СССР как одна из союзных республик … Энциклопедия Кольера

Таджикистан — (Республика Таджикистан), государство на юго востоке Средней Азии. 143,1 тыс. км2. Население 5705 тыс. человек (1993), городское 28,3%; таджики (3172 тыс. человек; 1989, перепись), узбеки, русские и др. Официальный язык таджикский. Большинство… … Энциклопедический словарь

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(Таджикистан)

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См. также в других словарях:

Таджикистан — Республика Таджикистан Ҷумҳурии Тоҷиқистон … Википедия

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Таджикистан — Республика Таджикистан Ҷумҳурии Тоҷиқистон … Википедия

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Здесь Вы можете найти топик на английском языке: Tajikistan.

Tajikistan

Tajikistan, officially Republic of Tajikistan, republic (2005 est. pop. 7,164,000), 143,100 sq km. It borders on China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, Kyrgyzstan in the north, and Uzbekistan in the west and northwest. Dushanbe is the capital and largest city. Administratively, the country is divided into two regions and one autonomous region (Badakhshan, the easternmost section of Tajikistan).

Land and People

Parts of the Pamir and Trans-Alai mt. systems are in the east, and the highest peaks in the country are Ismoili Somoni Peak (7,495m) and Lenin Peak, formerly Kaufmann Peak (7,134 m). The southeast is occupied by an arid plateau c. (3,660-4,570m) high. The only extensive low districts are the Tajik section of the Fergana Valley in the north and the hot, dry Gissar and Vakhsh valleys in the southwest. The Amu Darya, Syr Darya, and Zeravshan are the chief rivers and are used for irrigation. Additional dams and irrigation projects, notably the Great Gissar Canal, have opened almost 1 million acres (400,000 hectares) of land to cultivation.

Economy

Tajikistan’s economy is dependent on agriculture and livestock raising. Some two thirds of the population is extremely poor, and a sixth now work in Russia or other foreign countries. Mining and raw-materials processing, which were formerly important, have diminished since the economic collapse in the 1990s, after Soviet rule ended and civil war began. The lowlands specialize in the cultivation of cotton, wheat, barley, fruit (including wine grapes), and mulberry trees (for silk). Karakul sheep, dairy cattle, and yaks are raised. The republic’s mountains yield coal, antimony, silver, gold, salt, uranium, mercury, tungsten, lead, and zinc, but most mining has ceased. Cotton ginning, silk spinning, food processing, winemaking, carpet weaving, metals processing, and the manufacture of textiles, chemicals, fertilizers, and cement were the leading industries, but these too have been curtailed. There is some petroleum, and Tajikistan is well provided with hydroelectric resources. The country’s economic problems and political turmoil have led Tajikistan to become an important heroin smuggling transit point. Trade is primarily with other former Soviet republics; the first road to China was opened only in 2004.

History

Russia took control of the Tajik lands in the 1880s and 90s, but the Tajiks remained split among several administrative-political entities, and their territories were economically backward and were exploited for their raw materials. In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, the Tajiks rebelled against Russian rule; the Red Army did not establish control over them until 1921. Tajikistan was made an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924; in 1929 it became a constituent republic of the USSR. In the 1930s canals and other irrigation projects vastly increased cultivated acreage as agriculture was more thoroughly collectivized; population also increased rapidly. Further expansion of irrigated agriculture occurred after World War II, especially in the late 1950s, as the area became increasingly important as a cotton producer. In 1978 there were anti-Russian riots in the republic.

An ethnically based civil war quickly erupted. Forces allied with the former Nabiyev government retook the capital and most of the country, and the parliament elected Russian-supported Emomali Rakhmonov president. Fighting between government troops, supported by the Russian army, and pro-Islamic forces, with bases and support in Afghanistan, persisted along the Afghan border despite a number of cease-fires. In the Nov., 1994, elections, which were boycotted by the Islamic opposition, Rakhmonov defeated another former Soviet leader to retain the presidency. In early 1996 there was a brief mutiny by Uzbek commanders, who seized towns in the south and west.

A peace accord was signed between the government and opposition forces in mid-1997, but some factions continued fighting. In a 1999 referendum, voters backed constitutional changes that would extend the president’s term to seven years and allow the formation of Islamic political parties. By the end of the 2000 a truce prevailed in most of Tajikistan. From 30,000 to 100,000 were estimated to have died in the fighting, and war and neglect had devastated much of the country’s infrastructure, making the nation one of the poorest in the world. Tajikistan remains dependent on help from Russia’s military to preserve its tenuous stability and security, although Russian help patrolling the Afghan border ended in 2005, and Russian economic aid is also extremely important. A drought in W and central Asia that began in the late 1990s has had particularly severe consequences in impoverished Tajikistan. The Feb., 2005, parliamentary elections resulted in a lopsided victory for the ruling People’s Democratic party; the results were denounced by opposition parties, the usually progovernment Communist party, and European observers.

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